As well as the stud pattern, you also need to consider the size of the centre boss on the hub that the wheel fits over. The wheel centre hole should match it as that's what centres the wheel on the hub. You could fit spacers but I don't know how effective they are at centreing the wheel, otherwise you're just reliant on the wheel studs. There is also the offset between the centre-line of the tyre and the mounting face of the hub, but that shouldn't be a problem if the 15" rims are narrower than the 17" rims you're taking off.