It sounds strange, I had to replace a caliper on my 2015 car because the handbrake shaft became stiff and stopped the internal self-adjusting ratchet from operating.
This may sound like a stupid question, but when you fitted the new pads and calipers, was the pin on the back of the inner pad correctly seated in the groove in the face of the caliper piston? If it wasn't in the groove, the piston would push on the pin, and if the piston rotates when applying the handbrake, the pin could suddenly drop into the groove, causing the noise and making it go slack.
If that's what it was, the self-adjusting mechanism should take up the slack if the brake is operated, and then they should work fine. If not, I can only think the ratchet in the caliper can't take the force and allows the piston to slip back.